{"id":164656,"date":"2026-04-23T12:12:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T10:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/carbon-removal-the-start-up-that-turns-co%e2%82%82-into-stone\/164656\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T13:53:00","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T11:53:00","slug":"carbon-removal-the-start-up-that-turns-co%e2%82%82-into-stone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/carbon-removal-the-start-up-that-turns-co%e2%82%82-into-stone\/164656\/","title":{"rendered":"Carbon Removal, the start-up that turns CO\u2082 into stone"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The Hajar Mountains in Oman bear no resemblance to the imagery typically associated with innovation. No glass, no campuses, no venture-capital skyline. Just harsh light, brown rocks, arid valleys and a silence that feels more geological than human. Viewed from afar, they seem the antithesis of promise. And yet it is precisely here, in a lunar landscape that seems built to resist any notion of the future, that a start-up has found one of the most interesting materials in today\u2019s global race to eliminate .    <\/p>\n\n<p>The start-up is called 44.01, after the molecular weight of carbon dioxide. Its venture stems from a simple observation made by the three young Omani founders: Oman is rich in a very particular type of rock, peridotite, an ultramafic formation that reacts naturally with CO\u2082 and water to transform carbon into stable minerals. In nature, the process takes a long time; 44.01 is attempting to speed it up by drilling into the subsoil, injecting CO\u2082-rich fluids and ensuring that this CO\u2082 turns into stone.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Oman is not merely the backdrop to this story: it is the very reason why this story exists. The start-up was founded in a country that is home to one of the world\u2019s largest peridotite formations, and from there it has built a business model that bears little resemblance to the superficial aesthetics of software start-ups. This is not a platform, but an industrial concept grounded in geology.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When geology becomes a start-up<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>This is also why 44.01 tells a story that goes beyond carbon removal alone. It highlights a fact that is becoming increasingly clear: some of the most ambitious climate startups do not emerge solely where capital is concentrated, but where unique geological conditions, available energy and industrial pressure converge. In Iceland, for example, basalt has made the Carbfix project possible, a pioneer in in-situ mineralisation. In Kenya, Sirona Technologies and Cella have launched Project Jacaranda to combine direct air capture and mineralisation in the basalt of the Great Rift Valley. In Oman, however, the \u2018treasure\u2019 hidden beneath the desert is peridotite.    <\/p>\n\n<p>An important clarification is needed here. 44.01 is not, strictly speaking, a pure DAC (direct air capture) company. It does not build machines to capture CO\u2082 from the air. The heart of its technology lies precisely in mineralisation: taking CO\u2082 that has already been captured \u2014 from the atmosphere, from biogenic sources or from hard-to-abate industries \u2014 and permanently transforming it into rock. In some projects, this technology is combined with DAC; in others, it works with industrial emissions. The real innovation, in this case, lies not so much in the capture as in the subsurface.    <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"551\" height=\"361\" src=\"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/founders-4401.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-164601\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The founders of 44.01: Ehab Tasfai (CTO), Talal Hasan (CEO) and Karan Khimji (CCO)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>For a climate startup, the difference between a good theory and a credible story lies in testing. Here too, 44.01 offers more than just a well-crafted narrative. A paper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43247-025-02509-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">published in Nature in 2025<\/a> and highlighted by the company describes a pilot test in the Samail ophiolite, Sultanate of Oman, in which CO\u2082 captured from an ammonia plant was injected into peridotite: according to the reported results, around 88 per cent of the injected CO\u2082 had mineralised within 45 days. This is significant proof that the chemical mechanism at the heart of the promise can actually work, and much more quickly than the word \u2018geology\u2019 might suggest.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>From testing to the market<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>From then on, 44.01 began to behave less and less like an experimental start-up and more and more like a company seeking a place in an emerging industrial supply chain. As early as 2023, it had announced a partnership with Aircapture in Oman for a DAC + mineralisation project; in 2025, it secured a $5 million extension, bringing the total Series A funding to $42 million, following the round led in 2024 by Equinor Ventures alongside investors such as Amazon\u2019s Climate Pledge Fund, Siemens Financial Services, Climate Investment, Sam Altman\u2019s Apollo Projects fund, and others. Also in 2025, Project Hajar received an XPrize award, whilst in the UAE \u2013 thanks to a partnership with ADNOC, one of the world\u2019s largest oil companies \u2013 the company began scaling up its Fujairah site to an estimated capacity of 25,000 tonnes of CO\u2082 per year per well and up to 20 tonnes per day of injection at the upgraded site.   <\/p>\n\n<p>The added value of 44.01 is that it sells a promise of permanence. In carbon removal, this word matters more than almost any other. Planting trees, improving soils, producing biochar, building DACs, capturing biogenic emissions: every carbon removal approach operates within a different balance of costs, scale, verifiability and storage duration. Mineralisation, when it works, occupies the top tier of that hierarchy, because it aims to immobilise carbon in a stable mineral form for centuries, not simply to store it for a short time.   <\/p>\n\n<p>The CO\u2082 storage market now represents a trillion-dollar opportunity, said founder and CEO Talal Hasan in an interview with a popular start-up podcast (FWDstart). \u201cBy 2030, the planet will need to remove a billion tonnes of CO\u2082 from the atmosphere and store it permanently underground. To meet the 2050 targets, this requires a roughly 100-fold increase in global storage capacity compared to the current situation\u2026 viewing climate technology as a zero-sum race to secure resources is nonsense; change will require a colossal collective effort.\u201d There is therefore no issue of competition in this market, where several companies, including Italian ones such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/cdp-vc-and-fassa-bortolo-invest-e7-million-in-limenet\/148816\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Limenet <\/a>and CarpeCarbon, are already active.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The challenges <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Among other things, 44.01 is interesting because it shows how carbon removal is becoming an ecosystem of localised solutions, each dependent on its own geography, supply chain and economic model. Heirloom, in the United States, accelerates limestone-related mineralisation cycles; Carbfix has made a name for itself by turning CO\u2082 into stone in Icelandic basalt; Sirona and Cella are attempting something similar in Kenya using DAC and underground storage. 44.01 is playing its hand with Omani peridotite, and now, increasingly, beyond Oman.  <\/p>\n\n<p>In recent months, 44.01 has announced its first steps on the European mainland with two new projects: MiniCCS in Norway, launched in February 2026, and DecarbFaroe in the Faroe Islands, announced in March 2026. The first explores the possibility of decentralised, small-scale onshore storage in Norwegian mafic and ultramafic rocks. The second, co-led with Equinor and Jar\u00f0feingi, will use ancient basalt formations in the Faroe Islands to test mineralisation as a local and distributed CCS solution. In both cases, the message is clear: 44.01 does not want to remain the \u2018Omani desert\u2019 start-up. It wants to understand whether the model can be adapted to other geological, industrial and regulatory contexts.    <\/p>\n\n<p>In Europe, carbon removal is moving from a theoretical to a more institutional phase. The CRCF, the voluntary European framework for certifying carbon removals, carbon farming and carbon storage in products, was adopted as an EU regulation in 2024, and in February 2026 the Commission approved the first methodologies for the most mature permanent removal technologies, such as DACCS, BioCCS and biochar. Mineralisation is not yet among the first operational methodologies adopted, but it is explicitly listed by the Commission among the pathways on which the EU is evaluating future developments. For start-ups such as 44.01, this means that the game will not be played solely on chemistry or geology, but also on the ability to enter a system of certification, measurement and public trust.    <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1022\" height=\"1192\" src=\"http:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-164599\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u201cWith the entry into force of the CBAM and the tightening of climate policies, the pressure on European industry to decarbonise is mounting,\u201d says Karan Khimji, co-founder, on LinkedIn, announcing the two projects in Europe. \u201cEurope is investing heavily in CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) hubs, but the construction of large-scale transport and storage infrastructure is complex and slow, and several projects are already facing delays. This is where 44.01\u2019s CO\u2082 mineralisation technology can play an important role.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Start-ups such as 44.01, of course, do not eliminate the most pressing need: to reduce emissions at source. There are no shortcuts here. This is also because, despite the progress made in some countries, the <a href=\"https:\/\/climatetrace.org\/news\/climate-trace-data-show-global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-hit-a-new-record-high-in-2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">latest data from Climate TRACE <\/a>show that in 2025 global greenhouse gas emissions still rose by 0.5%, equivalent to 303.19 million tonnes of CO\u2082e, reaching a new high of 60.63 billion tonnes of CO\u2082e.  <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"441\" src=\"http:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-23-alle-10.38.42-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-164608\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>This is why carbon removal is not an alternative to emissions reduction, but an increasingly necessary complement to it. Among the options currently under consideration, mineralisation is one of the most promising: if it proves capable of scaling up, 44.01 could offer a solution to a very specific problem, namely how to achieve permanent CO\u2082 removal quickly, cost-effectively and at scale, using renewable energy. <\/p>\n\n<p>Certainly, the transformation of the rocks has a certain conceptual appeal: repairing some of the damage with a solution inspired by nature, which is always a great teacher.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The technology developed by the Omani start-up 44.01 enables carbon dioxide to be stored as if it were a mineral<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":125,"featured_media":164655,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3095],"tags":[1439,2236,1331,1332,1136],"companies":[],"journalist":[1512],"class_list":["post-164656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-startup-en","tag-climatetech-en","tag-europa-en","tag-innovation-en","tag-middle-east","tag-startup-en-2","journalist-donatella-cambosu-en"],"featured_sizes_urls":{"thumbnail":{"src":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-23-alle-10.41.46.webp","width":150,"height":89,"crop":false,"srcset":false,"alt":"carbon dioxide storage"},"large":{"src":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-23-alle-10.41.46.webp","width":800,"height":473,"crop":false,"srcset":false,"alt":"carbon dioxide storage"},"2048x2048":{"src":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-23-alle-10.41.46.webp","width":800,"height":473,"crop":false,"srcset":false,"alt":"carbon dioxide storage"}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Carbon Removal, the start-up that turns CO\u2082 into stone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The technology developed by the Omani start-up 44.01 enables carbon dioxide to be stored as if it were a mineral\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/carbon-removal-the-start-up-that-turns-co%e2%82%82-into-stone\/164656\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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Abirascid\"},\"description\":\"Emil Abirascid (\u30a8\u30df\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30d3\u30e9\u30b7\u30c3\u30c9), giornalista, fondatore e direttore di Startupbusiness, il primo magazine sull\u2019ecosistema startup e innovazione italiano. Co-fondatore di Designtech, l\u2019hub di innovazione che avvicina il mondo del design con quello della tecnologia. Advisor di Austrian Business Agency, Emil Banca, Fondazione Symbola, Fondazione Quadrans. Partecipa regolarmente a incontri, convegni, conferenze dedicate all\u2019ecosistema dell\u2019innovazione. E\u2019 stato co-organizzatore degli Italian Innovation Day and Series che si sono svolti dal dal 2016 al 2020 nelle citt\u00e0 di Tokyo in Giappone, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Canberra in Australia e Singapore e co-organizzatore dell\u2019Italy India Innovation Day di AIICP 2021 e 2022. Ha curato il volume \u2018L\u2019innovazione che non ti aspetti. Contesti e visioni per l\u2019impresa\u2019 , l\u2019edizione italiana di \u2018La startup digitale, guida pratica step by step\u2019 e ha scritto la prefazione all\u2019edizione italiana de \u2018La quarta era\u2019 di Byron Reese, ed \u00e8 co-autore di \u2018Cosa e Dove: strategie digitali di ricerca del lavoro\u2019, tutti editi da FrancoAngeli. In passato \u00e8 stato curatore di StartupDigest Italy, coordinatore scientifico del Forum per la Ricerca della Provincia Autonoma di Trento, board member di TechChill Milano advisor di di ScaleIT , ha collaborato con Il Sole 24 Ore \u00e8 stato direttore di Innov\u2019azione, bimestrale edito da Apsti, ha collaborato con Corriere Innovazione ed \u00e8 stato presidente del comitato di selezione del Premio Marzotto e advisor di Cetif-Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Milano.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.abirascid.com\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/emilabirascid\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/emilabirascid\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.startupbusiness.it\\\/en\\\/author\\\/emil-abirascid\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Carbon Removal, the start-up that turns CO\u2082 into stone","description":"The technology developed by the Omani start-up 44.01 enables carbon dioxide to be stored as if it were a 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giornalista, fondatore e direttore di Startupbusiness, il primo magazine sull\u2019ecosistema startup e innovazione italiano. Co-fondatore di Designtech, l\u2019hub di innovazione che avvicina il mondo del design con quello della tecnologia. Advisor di Austrian Business Agency, Emil Banca, Fondazione Symbola, Fondazione Quadrans. Partecipa regolarmente a incontri, convegni, conferenze dedicate all\u2019ecosistema dell\u2019innovazione. E\u2019 stato co-organizzatore degli Italian Innovation Day and Series che si sono svolti dal dal 2016 al 2020 nelle citt\u00e0 di Tokyo in Giappone, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Canberra in Australia e Singapore e co-organizzatore dell\u2019Italy India Innovation Day di AIICP 2021 e 2022. Ha curato il volume \u2018L\u2019innovazione che non ti aspetti. Contesti e visioni per l\u2019impresa\u2019 , l\u2019edizione italiana di \u2018La startup digitale, guida pratica step by step\u2019 e ha scritto la prefazione all\u2019edizione italiana de \u2018La quarta era\u2019 di Byron Reese, ed \u00e8 co-autore di \u2018Cosa e Dove: strategie digitali di ricerca del lavoro\u2019, tutti editi da FrancoAngeli. In passato \u00e8 stato curatore di StartupDigest Italy, coordinatore scientifico del Forum per la Ricerca della Provincia Autonoma di Trento, board member di TechChill Milano advisor di di ScaleIT , ha collaborato con Il Sole 24 Ore \u00e8 stato direttore di Innov\u2019azione, bimestrale edito da Apsti, ha collaborato con Corriere Innovazione ed \u00e8 stato presidente del comitato di selezione del Premio Marzotto e advisor di Cetif-Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Milano.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.abirascid.com\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/emilabirascid","https:\/\/x.com\/emilabirascid"],"url":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/author\/emil-abirascid\/"}]}},"author_name":"Emil Abirascid","categories_names":["startup"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/164656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/125"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=164656"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/164656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":164658,"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/164656\/revisions\/164658"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/164655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=164656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=164656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=164656"},{"taxonomy":"companies","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/companies?post=164656"},{"taxonomy":"journalist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.startupbusiness.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journalist?post=164656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}